Books Summary by Bibliophile Parul

-

 

Please click on the below Link for Motivational Books Summary by Bibliophile Parul





Comments

  1. Qabuffs6 April 2022 at 13:03

    You wrote this post very carefully.Quickbooks tool hub download The amount of information is stunning and also a gainful article for us. Keep sharing this kind of articles, Thank you.

    ReplyDelete
  2. ThisIsWhyIWant30 May 2022 at 23:15

    Thanks for sharing us for these information blog . If you want to a precious gifts for anyone so click here
    visit my website: 39th birthday ideas

    ReplyDelete
  3. goinspect12 June 2022 at 23:12

    Thanks for sharing the best information and suggestions, it is very nice and very useful to us. I appreciate the work that you have shared in this post. Keep sharing these types of articles here. Handover Inspection Gold Coast

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

5G Deployment Option-3/3a/3x

-
Image
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   Hi Guys today we are learning about 5G deployment options, if you want to know more about other 5G deployment option please  click here Option 3: EN-DC (EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) Option 3 represents a network having both LTE and NR radio access, but using only the EPC core of LTE to route the Control signals. In this option, LTE is used as the control plane anchor for NR, and both LTE and NR are used for user data traffic.(user plane). It could also be called as Non-Standalone (NSA) NR in Evolved Packet System. The only difference between Options 3 and 3A is based on whether the user plane data is sent to NR directly or via the LTE RAN. This standardization was concluded in 3GPP Rel-15. This is a possible first step in the migration towards 5G-SA. This option will be most attractive for operators which have early deployments of 5G NR access systems in areas where legacy eNB and EPC a
Read more

DRX (Discontinuous Reception)

-
Image
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   What is DRX and DRX active period? What channels does it monitor in active period? Data transmission between UE and their base stations(eNodeB) uses radio frames with10ms duration, where in each radio frame consists of 10 1ms( 1 frame=10ms duration=10 subframe) subframes. Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) at the beginning of each subframe indicates whether there is data for UE to receive or not. Devices has to monitor these PDCCHs in each subframe so that it can find out whether they carry any data to receive. Because devices do not receive data in every subframe, this monitoring process naturally leads to high battery consumption.  What is the purpose of DRX? The main purpose of DRX is to lower battery consumption when there is no UL/DL data. means, when there is no traffic(DL/UL) that time devices enter into sleep mode (with RF module turned off) for some period of time as configured by
Read more

Authentication in LTE

-
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   What is Authentication and what type of Authentication is used in LTE? Authentication is a process by which both the UE and Network check whether the other party is authorized to communicate with them. In LTE and WCDMA, a mutual authentication process is used i.e. the Network checks whether the UE is authorized to camp on it and the UE also checks whether it is trying to camp on is the correct Network. The UE becomes authorized to camp on a network by subscribing to the network. In LTE, EPS AKA i.e. Authentication Key Agreement procedure is used for Mutual Authentication. Why is Authentication required from both sides in LTE? The UE needs to be authenticated by the NW to check whether it has subscribed to the NW or not. Only UEs which have a valid subscription should be allowed to camp on the NW. The NW should also be authenticated by the UE because if the UE does not check its
Read more

5G abbreviations

-
Image
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   As per readers request this article is based on some 5G abbreviations (PCell,spCell,Scell,PSCell,MCG.SCG,Master-Node,Secondary-Node) for better understanding. What is Master Node? Master node:  The node (radio access node) that provides the control plane connection to the core network in case of multi radio dual connectivity (MR-DC). For example, it can be master eNB in EN-DC, a Master ng-eNB in NGEN-DC What is Secondary Node? Secondary node:   the radio access node, with no control plane connection to the core network, providing additional resources to the UE in case of MR-DC. For example, It may be an en-gNB in EN-DC or a Secondary ng-eNB (in NE-DC). What is MCG? MCG: Master Cell group It is a group of serving cells associated with the Master Node, comprising of the PCell   and optionally one or more Scells.  (see figure shown above) MCG and SCG are concepts under
Read more

Soft Handover vs Hard Handover

-
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA) Now before we move to other things like measurements in handover, handover decision, handover procedure, handover interruption time, and mobility robustness optimization, let us take a look into difference between soft handover and hard handover. Soft Handover Hard Handover The handover in which radio links are added and removed in a way that MS always keeps at least one radio link to the UTRAN is known as soft handover. The handover in which all the old radio links in MS are removed before the new radio links are established is known as hard handover. This can also be simplified as make before break This can also be simplified as break before make As call drop rate is lower this handover is used to lower the rate of call drop. In this case higher rates of call drops are found Why soft handover is not included
Read more

DC Carrier in NR

-
Image
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this article, we will learn the basics of DC Carrier and why it is needed. Why in NR, DC subcarrier is not reserved like LTE? With legacy LTE (4G) it was decided that all devices (UE) should be capable of the maximum carrier bandwidth of 20MHz (UE can also support 10/15/5/3 MHz). This was a reasonable assumption at the time given the relatively modest bandwidth compared to NR, Whereas NR is designed to support very wide bandwidths up to 400MHz (for FR2) and 100Mhz (for FR1) for a single carrier. As well as NR supports multiple numerologies on the same transmitted carrier frequency. It is not necessary that all devices can support up to 400 MHz Bandwidth, hence in NR BWP concept is introduced. (To learn more about BWP Click here ). Note: in the above and below NR case figure, we assume that for each and every BWP have configured some  txDirectCurrentLocation  value.     As shown in the a
Read more

MAC-Contention Resolution Timer

-
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   What is MAC-ContentionResolutionTimer? The timer which states the number of consecutive subframe/ subframe s during which MAC entity will monitor the PDCCH after the Msg3 is transmitted. (3GPP TS 36.321 version 13.3.0 Release 13)  The UE will start mac-Contention resolution timer from the immediate subframe after transmitting Msg3.  As UE is waiting for the contention resolution which is through PDCCH reception on C-RNTI (in connected mode), the UE should be monitoring PDCCH. So that the time duration in which mac-Contention resolution timer is running, is also considered as Active Time. Which timer is started after msg3 is transmitted? Following two timers are started Once,  msg3 is transmitted: 1. T300 : Transmission of RRCconnectionRequest 2. Contention Resolution Timer: broadcasted in SIB2. If the UE doesn't receive msg4 (Contention Resolution message) within
Read more