Books Summary by Bibliophile Parul

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Please click on the below Link for Motivational Books Summary by Bibliophile Parul





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5G Deployment Option-3/3a/3x

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   Hi Guys today we are learning about 5G deployment options, if you want to know more about other 5G deployment option please  click here Option 3: EN-DC (EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) Option 3 represents a network having both LTE and NR radio access, but using only the EPC core of LTE to route the Control signals. In this option, LTE is used as the control plane anchor for NR, and both LTE and NR are used for user data traffic.(user plane). It could also be called as Non-Standalone (NSA) NR in Evolved Packet System. The only difference between Options 3 and 3A is based on whether the user plane data is sent to NR directly or via the LTE RAN. This standardization was concluded in 3GPP Rel-15. This is a possible first step in the migration towards 5G-SA. This option wi...
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cell selection part-2

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this section, we will learn about cell selection criteria for SA and LTE. How is cell selection criteria defined? The cell selection criterion which is abbreviated as S in normal coverage is fulfilled when: Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0 Where: Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas – (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) – Pcompensation - Qoffsettemp Squal = Qqualmeas – (Qqualmin + Qqualminoffset) - Qoffsettemp Where: Srxlev Cell selection RX level value (dB) Squal Cell selection quality value (dB) Qoffsettemp Offset temporarily applied to a cell (dB) Qrxlevmeas Measured cell RX level value (RSRP) Qqualmeas Measured cell quality value (RSRQ) Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm). If the UE supports SUL...
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DRX (Discontinuous Reception)

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   What is DRX and DRX active period? What channels does it monitor in active period? Data transmission between UE and their base stations(eNodeB) uses radio frames with10ms duration, where in each radio frame consists of 10 1ms( 1 frame=10ms duration=10 subframe) subframes. Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) at the beginning of each subframe indicates whether there is data for UE to receive or not. Devices has to monitor these PDCCHs in each subframe so that it can find out whether they carry any data to receive. Because devices do not receive data in every subframe, this monitoring process naturally leads to high battery consumption.  What is the purpose of DRX? The main purpose of DRX is to lower battery consumption when there is no UL/DL...
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DSS Part-1

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this article, we will discuss about Dynamic spectrum sharing abbreviated as DSS What is spectrum refarming? It is the process of redeploying spectrum from available users and re-allocating it to others. Legacy technology must be eliminated from a part of the spectrum, which must then be allocated for the new technology. It was not possible for operators to share the spectrum between different technologies but, spectrum refarming from LTE to 5G will be simpler with Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) which is introduced in 3GPP r15.  5G and LTE can occupy the same spectrum band from the control channel point of view, and the resources are allocated dynamically between the two technologies depending on the instantaneous device distribution and capacity needs. As many LTE bands ...
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HARQ Basic Part-1

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this section, we will learn about HARQ basic.  What is ARQ? ARQ stands for automatic repeat request. It refers to the re-transmission protocol in which the receiver checks for errors within the received data and if an error is detected then the receiver discards the data and request a re-transmission forms the sender. For acknowledged mode the RLC layer uses an ARQ protocol.   What is HARQ? HARQ stands for hybrid ARQ. It refers to a re-transmission protocol in which the receiver checks for errors in the received data and if an error is detected then the receiver buffers (soft buffers) the data and requests a retransmission from sender. HARQ receiver then is able to combine the buffered data with the re-transmitted data to channel decoding and error detection. This...
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Soft Handover vs Hard Handover

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA) Now before we move to other things like measurements in handover, handover decision, handover procedure, handover interruption time, and mobility robustness optimization, let us take a look into difference between soft handover and hard handover. Soft Handover Hard Handover The handover in which radio links are added and removed in a way that MS always keeps at least one radio link to the UTRAN is known as soft handover. The handover in which all the old radio links in MS are removed before the new radio links are established is known as hard handover. This can also be simplified as make before break This can also be simplified as break before make As call drop rate is lower this handover is used to lower the rate of call drop. In...
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PRACH Basic-3

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this section we will learn about PRACH Preamble Format and its basics as well as interview questions. Random access with NR supports different PRACH formats and numerologies to cope up with different deployments. The random access sequences themselves are based on the preamble format. Preamble Format: (Qus: How many new preamble format are introduce by 3gpp in NSA or SA case?) In 5G NSA or SA cases, there are 13 types of preamble format for FR1/FR2 and they are known as Format 0/1/2/3, Format A1/A2/A3, Format B1/B2/B3/B4, Format C0/C2. These 13 types of preamble format can be categorized into two categories: • Sequence length of L = 139, with subcarrier spacing of 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz. These can be solutions for different coverage situations. • Sequence length of L ...
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