Books Summary by Bibliophile Parul

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Please click on the below Link for Motivational Books Summary by Bibliophile Parul





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cell selection part-2

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this section, we will learn about cell selection criteria for SA and LTE. How is cell selection criteria defined? The cell selection criterion which is abbreviated as S in normal coverage is fulfilled when: Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0 Where: Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas – (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) – Pcompensation - Qoffsettemp Squal = Qqualmeas – (Qqualmin + Qqualminoffset) - Qoffsettemp Where: Srxlev Cell selection RX level value (dB) Squal Cell selection quality value (dB) Qoffsettemp Offset temporarily applied to a cell (dB) Qrxlevmeas Measured cell RX level value (RSRP) Qqualmeas Measured cell quality value (RSRQ) Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm). If the UE supports SUL...
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5G Deployment Option-3/3a/3x

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   Hi Guys today we are learning about 5G deployment options, if you want to know more about other 5G deployment option please  click here Option 3: EN-DC (EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) Option 3 represents a network having both LTE and NR radio access, but using only the EPC core of LTE to route the Control signals. In this option, LTE is used as the control plane anchor for NR, and both LTE and NR are used for user data traffic.(user plane). It could also be called as Non-Standalone (NSA) NR in Evolved Packet System. The only difference between Options 3 and 3A is based on whether the user plane data is sent to NR directly or via the LTE RAN. This standardization was concluded in 3GPP Rel-15. This is a possible first step in the migration towards 5G-SA. This option wi...
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DSS Part-1

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this article, we will discuss about Dynamic spectrum sharing abbreviated as DSS What is spectrum refarming? It is the process of redeploying spectrum from available users and re-allocating it to others. Legacy technology must be eliminated from a part of the spectrum, which must then be allocated for the new technology. It was not possible for operators to share the spectrum between different technologies but, spectrum refarming from LTE to 5G will be simpler with Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) which is introduced in 3GPP r15.  5G and LTE can occupy the same spectrum band from the control channel point of view, and the resources are allocated dynamically between the two technologies depending on the instantaneous device distribution and capacity needs. As many LTE bands ...
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DSS Part-3

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) DSS: Other NR UE features that are considered important for an efficient operation of spectrum sharing are: PDCCH in symbol 2 Rate matching pattern to map around LTE PSS/SSS and PBCH TRS in symbol 6 and 10 Flexible CSI-RS placement Alternative PDSCH DM-RS pattern when LTE CRS rate matching is configured 7.5 kHz UL shift DSS will help a mobile operator to flexibly allocate existing spectrum across low-, mid- and high- frequency bands, by dynamically switching between 4G LTE and 5G NR coverage based on traffic demand.Mobile operators can hold DSS to deliver the best possible performance and coverage for a mix of 4G and 5G devices. How LTE overhead can be avoided? 5G capacity is impacted by LTE Cell Reference Signals (CRSs),PDCCH, PSS, SSS, PBCH and MBSFN subframe...
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PRACH Basic-3

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this section we will learn about PRACH Preamble Format and its basics as well as interview questions. Random access with NR supports different PRACH formats and numerologies to cope up with different deployments. The random access sequences themselves are based on the preamble format. Preamble Format: (Qus: How many new preamble format are introduce by 3gpp in NSA or SA case?) In 5G NSA or SA cases, there are 13 types of preamble format for FR1/FR2 and they are known as Format 0/1/2/3, Format A1/A2/A3, Format B1/B2/B3/B4, Format C0/C2. These 13 types of preamble format can be categorized into two categories: • Sequence length of L = 139, with subcarrier spacing of 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz. These can be solutions for different coverage situations. • Sequence length of L ...
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DSS Part-2

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) DSS: When it comes to deploying 5G, spectrum is a key differentiator for operators. And while 24 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum is being auctioned specifically for 5G, mid-band spectrum will be critical for operators to get widespread 5G coverage across their markets.  That’s why a technology called DSS (dynamic spectrum sharing) is so compelling. This technology, which is part of the 3GPP Release 15, allows operators to dynamically allocate some of their existing 4G LTE spectrum to 5G and use existing radios to deliver 5G services by deploying a software upgrade. DSS allows 4G and 5G to exist simultaneously on the same band while adjusting the bandwidth allocated to each generation dependent on demand. This is clearly ideal for low-band rollout, as it will allow ope...
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Authentication in LTE

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   What is Authentication and what type of Authentication is used in LTE? Authentication is a process by which both the UE and Network check whether the other party is authorized to communicate with them. In LTE and WCDMA, a mutual authentication process is used i.e. the Network checks whether the UE is authorized to camp on it and the UE also checks whether it is trying to camp on is the correct Network. The UE becomes authorized to camp on a network by subscribing to the network. In LTE, EPS AKA i.e. Authentication Key Agreement procedure is used for Mutual Authentication. Why is Authentication required from both sides in LTE? The UE needs to be authenticated by the NW to check whether it has subscribed to the NW or not. Only UEs which have a valid subscription shou...
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