Books Summary by Bibliophile Parul

-

 

Please click on the below Link for Motivational Books Summary by Bibliophile Parul





Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

5G Deployment Option-3/3a/3x

-
Image
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   Hi Guys today we are learning about 5G deployment options, if you want to know more about other 5G deployment option please  click here Option 3: EN-DC (EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) Option 3 represents a network having both LTE and NR radio access, but using only the EPC core of LTE to route the Control signals. In this option, LTE is used as the control plane anchor for NR, and both LTE and NR are used for user data traffic.(user plane). It could also be called as Non-Standalone (NSA) NR in Evolved Packet System. The only difference between Options 3 and 3A is based on whether the user plane data is sent to NR directly or via the LTE RAN. This standardization was concluded in 3GPP Rel-15. This is a possible first step in the migration towards 5G-SA. This option wi...
Read more

Authentication in LTE

-
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   What is Authentication and what type of Authentication is used in LTE? Authentication is a process by which both the UE and Network check whether the other party is authorized to communicate with them. In LTE and WCDMA, a mutual authentication process is used i.e. the Network checks whether the UE is authorized to camp on it and the UE also checks whether it is trying to camp on is the correct Network. The UE becomes authorized to camp on a network by subscribing to the network. In LTE, EPS AKA i.e. Authentication Key Agreement procedure is used for Mutual Authentication. Why is Authentication required from both sides in LTE? The UE needs to be authenticated by the NW to check whether it has subscribed to the NW or not. Only UEs which have a valid subscription shou...
Read more

5G abbreviations

-
Image
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   As per readers request this article is based on some 5G abbreviations (PCell,spCell,Scell,PSCell,MCG.SCG,Master-Node,Secondary-Node) for better understanding. What is Master Node? Master node:  The node (radio access node) that provides the control plane connection to the core network in case of multi radio dual connectivity (MR-DC). For example, it can be master eNB in EN-DC, a Master ng-eNB in NGEN-DC What is Secondary Node? Secondary node:   the radio access node, with no control plane connection to the core network, providing additional resources to the UE in case of MR-DC. For example, It may be an en-gNB in EN-DC or a Secondary ng-eNB (in NE-DC). What is MCG? MCG: Master Cell group It is a group of serving cells associated with the Maste...
Read more

Soft Handover vs Hard Handover

-
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA) Now before we move to other things like measurements in handover, handover decision, handover procedure, handover interruption time, and mobility robustness optimization, let us take a look into difference between soft handover and hard handover. Soft Handover Hard Handover The handover in which radio links are added and removed in a way that MS always keeps at least one radio link to the UTRAN is known as soft handover. The handover in which all the old radio links in MS are removed before the new radio links are established is known as hard handover. This can also be simplified as make before break This can also be simplified as break before make As call drop rate is lower this handover is used to lower the rate of call drop. In...
Read more

cell selection part-2

-
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this section, we will learn about cell selection criteria for SA and LTE. How is cell selection criteria defined? The cell selection criterion which is abbreviated as S in normal coverage is fulfilled when: Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0 Where: Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas – (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) – Pcompensation - Qoffsettemp Squal = Qqualmeas – (Qqualmin + Qqualminoffset) - Qoffsettemp Where: Srxlev Cell selection RX level value (dB) Squal Cell selection quality value (dB) Qoffsettemp Offset temporarily applied to a cell (dB) Qrxlevmeas Measured cell RX level value (RSRP) Qqualmeas Measured cell quality value (RSRQ) Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm). If the UE supports SUL...
Read more

eDRX(Extended DRX)

-
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA) Hi Guys today we are learning about eDRX in NB-IOT. If you are interested in learning more about DRX please  click here . What is eDRX? eDRX(Extended DRX) is a feature which was introduced by 3GPP in Rel. 13. As the name suggests, it is an enhancement/extension of DRX, a Release 8 feature. It was introduced to reduce Power Consumption of IoT devices. What is the difference between DRX and eDRX? eDRX is an extension of DRX in the sense that the duration for which the UE is in sleep mode has been extended considerably. DRX is used in smartphones and other LTE devices to reduce power consumption and extend battery life. In NB-IoT, eDRX allows the UE to sleep for a long duration of time, and wake up periodically to check Paging. Since the sleep duration in eDRX is consi...
Read more

DSS Part-1

-
Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this article, we will discuss about Dynamic spectrum sharing abbreviated as DSS What is spectrum refarming? It is the process of redeploying spectrum from available users and re-allocating it to others. Legacy technology must be eliminated from a part of the spectrum, which must then be allocated for the new technology. It was not possible for operators to share the spectrum between different technologies but, spectrum refarming from LTE to 5G will be simpler with Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) which is introduced in 3GPP r15.  5G and LTE can occupy the same spectrum band from the control channel point of view, and the resources are allocated dynamically between the two technologies depending on the instantaneous device distribution and capacity needs. As many LTE bands ...
Read more