Books Summary by Bibliophile Parul

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Please click on the below Link for Motivational Books Summary by Bibliophile Parul





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5G Deployment Option-3/3a/3x

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   Hi Guys today we are learning about 5G deployment options, if you want to know more about other 5G deployment option please  click here Option 3: EN-DC (EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) Option 3 represents a network having both LTE and NR radio access, but using only the EPC core of LTE to route the Control signals. In this option, LTE is used as the control plane anchor for NR, and both LTE and NR are used for user data traffic.(user plane). It could also be called as Non-Standalone (NSA) NR in Evolved Packet System. The only difference between Options 3 and 3A is based on whether the user plane data is sent to NR directly or via the LTE RAN. This standardization was concluded in 3GPP Rel-15. This is a possible first step in the migration towards 5G-SA. This option wi...
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Control Plane CIoT EPS optimization

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA) Hi Guys today we are learning about  Control Plane CIoT EPS optimization  in detail for NB-IoT, For more update Please visit our NB-IoT page . Control Plane CIoT EPS optimization: In order to reduce the total number of control plane messages when handling a short data transaction, user data or SMS messages is conveyed to the IOT services via MME by encapsulating them in NAS messages. There are two paths through which, user data or SMS can be transmitted on the Control Plane CIoT EPS optimization: UL data are transferred from the eNB (CIoT RAN) >> the MME >> the Serving Gateway (SGW) >> the Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) >> IOT Services UL data are transferred from the eNB (CIoT RAN) >> the MME >> the Service Capability Exposu...
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DRX (Discontinuous Reception)

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   What is DRX and DRX active period? What channels does it monitor in active period? Data transmission between UE and their base stations(eNodeB) uses radio frames with10ms duration, where in each radio frame consists of 10 1ms( 1 frame=10ms duration=10 subframe) subframes. Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) at the beginning of each subframe indicates whether there is data for UE to receive or not. Devices has to monitor these PDCCHs in each subframe so that it can find out whether they carry any data to receive. Because devices do not receive data in every subframe, this monitoring process naturally leads to high battery consumption.  What is the purpose of DRX? The main purpose of DRX is to lower battery consumption when there is no UL/DL...
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Power Saving Mode (PSM) Part I

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   What is PSM in NB-IOT? It is a mode through which the UE notifies the network of its indefinite dormant state. Power Saving Mode (PSM) was introduced in 3GPP Release 12 24.301-5.3.11, to improve battery life of IOT devices. PSM is similar to power-off, with the exception that the UE remains registered with the network and there is no need to re-attach or re-establish the PDN connection. Is UE(device) reachable in PSM? UE is unreachable in PSM for mobile  terminating services. UE(device) is reachable for mobile terminating services only for the period of an Active Time after a mobile originated event like data transfer or signaling.  E.g. After a periodic TAU/RAU procedure. Does PSM support CS domain? / Limitations of PSM...
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Synchronization Signal Block

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT                  5G(NR-NSA)   The SS Block or SSB refers to the synchronization signal block, which actually refers to the synchronization or PBCH block as the synchronization signal and the PBCH channel are always packaged together.  The SSB is a key part of beam management. To enable device to find a cell while entering a system, as well as to find new cells when moving within the system a synchronization signal consisting of PSS and SSS is periodically transmitted on the downlink from each NR cell.  Thus PSS, SSS along with PBCH can jointly be referred as SS Block. Thus we can say that SSB consists(4 OFDM symbols) of following parts: Primary synchronization signal (PSS) (127 Subcarriers) (1st OFDM symbol out of 4 OFDM symbols) Secondary synchronization sign...
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DC Carrier in NR

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this article, we will learn the basics of DC Carrier and why it is needed. Why in NR, DC subcarrier is not reserved like LTE? With legacy LTE (4G) it was decided that all devices (UE) should be capable of the maximum carrier bandwidth of 20MHz (UE can also support 10/15/5/3 MHz). This was a reasonable assumption at the time given the relatively modest bandwidth compared to NR, Whereas NR is designed to support very wide bandwidths up to 400MHz (for FR2) and 100Mhz (for FR1) for a single carrier. As well as NR supports multiple numerologies on the same transmitted carrier frequency. It is not necessary that all devices can support up to 400 MHz Bandwidth, hence in NR BWP concept is introduced. (To learn more about BWP Click here ). Note: in the above and below NR case figur...
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5G Deployment Option-7/7a/7x

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA) Hi Guys today we are learning about 5G deployment options, if you want to know more about other 5G deployment option please  click here Option 7: Deployment Option 7 represents a deployment scenario in which the Next Generation Core (NGC) will be used with a mixture of LTE and NR radio.  Next Generation signaling will be used but it will be routed via the LTE RAN because the LTE network is more fully built out and thus more reliable for handling signaling.  Options 7 and 7a differ on whether the user plane data is sent to NR directly or via the LTE RAN. 7/7A/7X require an eLTE upgrade of the existing LTE network at the start. (Difference is UP path Non Standalone ( Dual Connectivity 4G/5G ) Option 7/7A: NSA NR in 5GS. This option is particularly a...
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