Books Summary by Bibliophile Parul

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Please click on the below Link for Motivational Books Summary by Bibliophile Parul





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Reference signals Part-3

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In the previous section, we learn about the DMRS, TRS, SRS reference signals. in this section, we will learn the remaining reference signals:- PTRS: What is PTRS? Now next is PTRS, this reference signal is introduced in NR to enable compensation of oscillator phase noise. Usually, phase noise increases as a function of the oscillator carrier frequency. Thus PTRS can be utilized at high carrier frequencies such as mm wave to reduce phase noise. In an OFDM signal, one of the main degradations caused by phase noise is an identical phase rotation of all the subcarriers, called as common phase error or CPE. it is designed so as to have high density in the time domain   and   low density in the frequency domain, as the phase rotation produced by common phase error is id...
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5G Deployment Option-3/3a/3x

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   Hi Guys today we are learning about 5G deployment options, if you want to know more about other 5G deployment option please  click here Option 3: EN-DC (EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) Option 3 represents a network having both LTE and NR radio access, but using only the EPC core of LTE to route the Control signals. In this option, LTE is used as the control plane anchor for NR, and both LTE and NR are used for user data traffic.(user plane). It could also be called as Non-Standalone (NSA) NR in Evolved Packet System. The only difference between Options 3 and 3A is based on whether the user plane data is sent to NR directly or via the LTE RAN. This standardization was concluded in 3GPP Rel-15. This is a possible first step in the migration towards 5G-SA. This option wi...
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Synchronization Signal Block

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT                  5G(NR-NSA)   The SS Block or SSB refers to the synchronization signal block, which actually refers to the synchronization or PBCH block as the synchronization signal and the PBCH channel are always packaged together.  The SSB is a key part of beam management. To enable device to find a cell while entering a system, as well as to find new cells when moving within the system a synchronization signal consisting of PSS and SSS is periodically transmitted on the downlink from each NR cell.  Thus PSS, SSS along with PBCH can jointly be referred as SS Block. Thus we can say that SSB consists(4 OFDM symbols) of following parts: Primary synchronization signal (PSS) (127 Subcarriers) (1st OFDM symbol out of 4 OFDM symbols) Secondary synchronization sign...
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cell selection part-2

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this section, we will learn about cell selection criteria for SA and LTE. How is cell selection criteria defined? The cell selection criterion which is abbreviated as S in normal coverage is fulfilled when: Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0 Where: Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas – (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) – Pcompensation - Qoffsettemp Squal = Qqualmeas – (Qqualmin + Qqualminoffset) - Qoffsettemp Where: Srxlev Cell selection RX level value (dB) Squal Cell selection quality value (dB) Qoffsettemp Offset temporarily applied to a cell (dB) Qrxlevmeas Measured cell RX level value (RSRP) Qqualmeas Measured cell quality value (RSRQ) Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm). If the UE supports SUL...
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PRACH Basic-3

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this section we will learn about PRACH Preamble Format and its basics as well as interview questions. Random access with NR supports different PRACH formats and numerologies to cope up with different deployments. The random access sequences themselves are based on the preamble format. Preamble Format: (Qus: How many new preamble format are introduce by 3gpp in NSA or SA case?) In 5G NSA or SA cases, there are 13 types of preamble format for FR1/FR2 and they are known as Format 0/1/2/3, Format A1/A2/A3, Format B1/B2/B3/B4, Format C0/C2. These 13 types of preamble format can be categorized into two categories: • Sequence length of L = 139, with subcarrier spacing of 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz. These can be solutions for different coverage situations. • Sequence length of L ...
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DSS Part-1

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT               5G(NR-NSA) In this article, we will discuss about Dynamic spectrum sharing abbreviated as DSS What is spectrum refarming? It is the process of redeploying spectrum from available users and re-allocating it to others. Legacy technology must be eliminated from a part of the spectrum, which must then be allocated for the new technology. It was not possible for operators to share the spectrum between different technologies but, spectrum refarming from LTE to 5G will be simpler with Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) which is introduced in 3GPP r15.  5G and LTE can occupy the same spectrum band from the control channel point of view, and the resources are allocated dynamically between the two technologies depending on the instantaneous device distribution and capacity needs. As many LTE bands ...
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DRX (Discontinuous Reception)

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Home                 LTE                NB-IoT            5G(NR-NSA)   What is DRX and DRX active period? What channels does it monitor in active period? Data transmission between UE and their base stations(eNodeB) uses radio frames with10ms duration, where in each radio frame consists of 10 1ms( 1 frame=10ms duration=10 subframe) subframes. Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) at the beginning of each subframe indicates whether there is data for UE to receive or not. Devices has to monitor these PDCCHs in each subframe so that it can find out whether they carry any data to receive. Because devices do not receive data in every subframe, this monitoring process naturally leads to high battery consumption.  What is the purpose of DRX? The main purpose of DRX is to lower battery consumption when there is no UL/DL...
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